Šta možemo da radimo i kakve živote možemo da vodimo?: Blagostanje, razvoj i pravda

Abstract

U ovom radu razmatra se pristup zasnovan na sposobnostima kao pojmovni okvir za procenjivanje ljudskog blagostanja, te kao normativna paradigma za procenjivanje društvenog razvoja i društvene pravde. Pristup zasnovan na sposobnostima predstavlja alternativno i bogatije viđenje društvenog razvoja, odnosno viđenje koje podrazumeva da ljudi imaju slobodu da ostvare svoje potencijale i da vode živote koje imaju razloga da vrednuju. Pored toga, pristup zasnovan na sposobnostima brani ideju da društvena pravda zahteva obezbeđivanje određenih vrednih sposobnosti svim građanima i građankama barem do nivoa koji je potreban za minimalno dostojanstven život. Poseban akcenat ovog rada stavljen je na jedan ključan problem koji opseda pristup zasnovan na sposobnostima. Naime, koje su sposobnosti vredne? Kako ih treba odrediti? Analizirajući „teorijsko-refleksivni pristup” i „deliberativno-demokratski pristup” kao međusobno suprotstavljene pristupe projektu određenja vrednih ljudskih sposobnosti za normativne svrhe, nastojimo da pokažemo da je moguće kombinovati ova dva pristupa na plodonosan način.

This paper focuses on the capability/capabilities approach as a conceptual framework for assessing human well-being and as a normative paradigm for assessing human development and social justice. The capability/capabilities approach represents an alternative and a richer view of social development; that is, a view which implies that people have the freedom to realize their potentials and lead lives that they have reason to value. Moreover, the capability/capabilities approach defends the idea that social justice requires the provision of certain valuable capabilities to all citizens at least to the level required for a dignified life. This paper pays special emphasis on one key problem which besets the capability/capabilities approach. Namely, which capabilities are valuable? How should they be determined? By analyzing the “theoretical-reflective approach” and the “deliberative-democratic approach” as mutually opposed approaches to the project of determining valuable human capabilities for normative purposes, we argue that it is possible to combine these two approaches in a fruitful way.